Advantages of Communication in Today’s Life

Ted Childs, IBM’s vice president of global workforce diversity, knows from years of experience that communicating successfully across cultures is no simple task, however—particularly in a company that employs more than 325,000 people and sells to customers in roughly 175 countries around the world. Language alone presents a formidable barrier to communication when you consider that IBM’s workforce speaks more than 165 languages, but language is just one of many elements that play a role in communication between cultures.Differences in age, ethnic background, gender, sexual orientation, physical ability, and economic status can all affect the communication process. Childs recognizes that these differences represent both a challenge and an oopportunity, and a key part of his job is helping IBM executives and employees work together in a way that transforms their cultural differences into a critical business strength. As he Ted Childs oversees IBM’s efforts t o build competitive advantage by capitalizing on the benefits of a diverse workforce. 64WORLD IBM’s experience (profiled in the chapter-opening Communication Close-Up) illustrates both the challenges and the opportunities for business professionals who know how to communicate with diverse audiences. Although the concept is often framed in terms of ethnic background, a broader and more useful definition of diversity â€Å"includes all the characteristics and experiences that define each of us as individuals. †2 As you’ll learn in this chapter, these characteristics and experiences can have a profound effect on the way businesspeople communicate.To a large degree, these effects on communication are the result of fundamental differences between cultures. Intercultural communication is the process of sending and receiving messages between people whose cultural background could lead them to interpret verbal and nonverbal signs differently. Every attempt to send and r eceive messages is influenced by culture, so to communicate successfully, you’ll need a basic grasp of the cultural differences you may encounter and how you should handle them.Your efforts to recognize and surmount cultural differences will open up business opportunities tthroughout the world and maximize the contribution of all the employees in a diverse workforce. The Opportunities in a Global Marketplace You will communicate with people from other cultures tthroughout your career. You might be a business manager looking for new customers or new sources of labor. Or you might be an employee looking for new work opportunities. Either way, chances are good that you’ll be looking across international borders sometime in your career.Thousands of U. S. businesses depend on exports for significant portions of their revenues. Every year, these companies export roughly $700 billion in materials and merchandise, along with billions more in personal and professional services. If you work in one of these companies, you may well be called on to visit or at least communicate with a wide vvariety of people who speak languages other than English and who live in cultures quite different from what you’re used to (see Figure 3. 1).Of the top ten export markets for U. S. products, only three (Canada, Great Britain, and Singapore) speak English as an official language, and two of those three (Canada and Singapore) have more than one official language. 3 In the global marketplace, most natural boundaries and national borders are no longer the impassable barriers they once were. Domestic markets are opening to worldwide competition as businesses of all sizes look for new growth opportunities outside their own countries.For example, automotive giant Ford markets to customers in some 130 countries, providing websites that offer local information, usually in the local language. 4 The diversity of today’s workforce brings distinct advantages to businesses : †¢ A broader range of views and ideas †¢ A better understanding of diverse, fragmented markets †¢ A broader pool of talent from which to recruit The Advantages of a Diverse Workforce Even if you never visit another country or transact business on a global scale, you will interact with colleagues from a vvariety of cultures with a wide range of characteristics and life experiences.Over the past few decades, many innovative companies have changed the way they approach diversity, from seeing it as a legal requirement to provide equal opportunities to seeing it as a strategic oopportunity to connect with customers and take advantage of the broadest possible pool of talent. 5 Smart business leaders such as IBM’s Ted CHAPTER 3 Communicating in a World of Diversity 65 FIGURE 3. 1 Languages of the World This map illustrates the incredible array of languages used around the world.Each dot represents the geographic center of the more than 6,900 languages tracked by the linguistic research firm SIL International. Even if all of your business communication takes place in English, you will interact with audiences who speak a vvariety of other native languages. Childs recognize the competitive advantages of a diverse workforce that offers a broader spectrum of viewpoints and ideas, helps companies understand and identify with diverse markets, and enables companies to benefit from a wider range of employee talents.As Renee Wingo of Virgin Mobile USA, a cell phone operator based in Warren, New Jersey, puts it, â€Å"You’re not going to create any magic as a manager unless you bring together people with diverse perspectives who aren’t miniversions of you. †6 Diversity is simply a fact of life for all companies. The United States has been a nation of immigrants from the beginning, and that trend continues today. The Western and Northern Europearns who made up the bulk of immigrants during the nation’s early years now share spa ce with people from across Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, and other parts of the world.By 2010 recent immigrants will account for half of all new U. S. workers. 7 Even the term minority, as it applies to nonwhite residents, makes less and less sense every year: In two states (California and New Mexico) and several dozen large Communication among people of diverse cultural backgrounds cities, Caucasian Americans no longer constitute a clear ma- and life experiences is not always easy, but doing it successfully jority. 8 Nor is this pattern of immigration unique to the United can create tremendous strategic advantages.States: Workers from Africa, Asia, and the Middle East are moving to Europe in search of new opportunities, while workers from India, the Philippines, and Southeast Asia contribute to the employment base of the Middle East. 9 However, you and your colleagues don’t need to be recent immigrants to constitute a diverse workforce. Differences in everything from age and gender to religion and ethnic heritage to geography and military experience enrich the workplace. Both immigration and workforce diversity create advantages—and challenges—for business communicators tthroughout the world. 6 PART 1 Understanding the Foundations of Business Communication The Challenges of Intercultural Communication A company’s cultural diversity affects how its business messages are conceived, composed, delivered, received, and interpreted. Culture influences everything about communication, including †¢ Language †¢ Nonverbal signals †¢ Word meaning †¢ Time and space issues †¢ Rules of human relationships Diversity affects how business messages are conceived, planned, sent, received, and interpreted in the workplace.Today’s increasingly diverse workforce encompasses a wide range of skills, traditions, backgrounds, experiences, outlooks, and attitudes toward work—all of which can affect employee behavior on t he job. Supervisors face the challenge of communicating with these diverse employees, motivating them, and fostering cooperation and harmony among them. Teams face the challenge of working together closely, and companies are challenged to coexist peacefully with business partners and with the community as a whole. The interaction of culture and communication is so pervasive that separating the two is virtually impossible.The way you communicate—from the language you speak and the nonverbal signals you send to the way you perceive other people—is influenced by the culture in which you were raised. The meaning of words, the significance of gestures, the importance of time and space, the rules of human relationships—these and many other aspects of communication are defined by culture. To a large degree, your culture influences the way you think, which naturally affects the way you communicate as both a sender and a receiver. 0 So you can see how intercultural commu nication is much more complicated than simply matching language between sender and receiver. It goes beyond mere words to beliefs, values, and emotions. Tthroughout this chapter, you’ll see numerous examples of how communication styles and habits vary from one culture to another. These examples are intended to illustrate the major themes of intercultural communication, not to give an exhaustive list of styles and habits of any particular culture.

My Future Plans Essay

As a current senior in high school, I have reached the point where it is time for me to decide what I want to do with my life. Â  Throughout my four years in high school, I have been intrigued by a variety of different paths such as teaching, marine science, and even journalism. Â  After growing up a little and taking a better notice of my interests and likings, I have noticed my love for sports, fitness, and health. Â  My first plan for the future is to graduate from Oakland Mills High School and receive my high school diploma. Â  After this I will attend East Carolina University, or ECU, in Greenville, NC. I want to major in exercise science and minor in exercise physiology. My first few years in college I would like to gain experience in the field by obtaining a work-study position that will help me develop new skills in exercise science work such as a student athletic trainer. I would also like to play club lacrosse for ECU during my four years there. Â  Either my junior or senior year in college I would like to study abroad in Europe. Â  I hope to get work-study on campus my freshmen year so I can save up money by the time this comes around. Â  After four or five years of school I would hope to graduate with a bachelors degree. Â  After graduation I do not want to settle down right away. Â   I would either want to volunteer for the peace core abroad for a year in the Middle East or travel on my own, if possible. Â  After this I would want to move back to Maryland or D.C. so I can be close to my family. Â  I would like to either get a job in training, therapy, or coaching. Â  While the future is undecided and unknown, it is a time for changes and new things. Â  Although I know it will be a long journey I will remain open to all possibilities and be proactive while continuing to asses all of my options.

Techniques in Financial Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Techniques in Financial Analysis - Essay Example Naked DSL was named the product of the year by the Australian PC Magazine. IIN has grown both organically through innovative product development and inorganically by merging with many smaller ISPs. (b) The company has experienced strong growth through the launch of telephony products and deployment of DSLAM infrastructure. With a range of telephony services that include add-on voice and broadband services, IIN offers their own telephone service resulting in a lower line rental price for its customers. In 2006, IIN introduced its DSLAM infrastructure into telephone exchanges across Australia. DSLAM allowed a speed of over 1.5 Mbit/s with a maximum download of 24 Mbit/s. The potential risk with the product development strategy is the possibility of changes in product line and pricing owing to close competition from other major players such as the regulatory conflict with Telstra. Another medium term growth strategy is the inorganic route of acquisitions. In the early 2000s, IIN expande d nationwide by acquiring RuralNet Tas Access, Granite Internet and so on. In 2003, the biggest acquisition of ihug Ltd. followed. Residential ISP business and trademarks of rival OzEmail followed in 2005. After a hiatus, IIN recommenced its acquisition strategy to acquire Perth-based ISPs, Up’n’away and Westnet. Potential risks for acquisition include synergy and funding risks. When IIN acquired OzEmail, the business side remained with its US-parent, MCI but the retail business was neglected. OzEmail moved very late into ADSL and by 2006, IIN had abandoned the OzEmail brand. Fund-raising for acquisitions is a major concern. In 2006, IIN requested a share trading halt after its share value slid by 50%. There was uncertainty from IIN’s bankers as the company had capital raising issues and thus, unable to honour the bank’s covenants. As the third largest ISP, IIN has utilised its brand for strategic purposes. To increase its market share in metros and regio nal Australia, the company has invested in the â€Å"Hallelujah† and the â€Å"Humanology† brand campaigns. A new hi-tech wireless home gateway, ‘BoB’, is featured in its â€Å"Hallelujah† campaign. The increased brand investment has led to increased sales across its businesses. The company has launched its next phase in brand expansion. A potential risk to the brand strategy of IIN is the existing competition in the ISP segment. There are over 600 ISPs in Australia with Telstra leading the market with 43% market share. The second largest player, Optus holds 11% market share. IIN with its 8% share will need to increase its footprint in Australia to compete with the large players and aid its brand recall with customers. Question 2: Liquidity (136/150 words) (a) 2009 Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities ($’000) = 46,939/81,763 = 0.6 2008 Current Ratio = 34,494/77,511 = 0.4 2009 Acid Test Ratio = Current Assets–Inventories-P repayments/Current ($’000) Liabilities-Bank Overdraft = 46,939–1,078-13,981/81,763-501 = 0.4 2008 Acid Test Ratio = 34,494-1,073-8,922/77,511-2,846 = 0.3 (b) IIN’s availability of cash and other current assets to cover accounts payable, short-term debt and other liabilities stands at 0.6 in 2009. The current ratio has improved from 0.4 in 2008 to 0.6 There is an increase in the acid-test ratio from 0.3 in 2008 to 0.4 in 2009. The acid test ratio is a more stringent test, incorporating only those assets that can be converted to cash quickly. Current and

Political attitude Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Political attitude - Essay Example s making students more aware of the political environment and nurture their minds in order for them to make well-informed political choices in the future. The education has increased my understanding of American values of political tolerance, free society and liberty and thus I can confidently make individual political decisions without being swayed away by popular media opinion. College has enabled me understand the importance of political tolerance and democracy in the US since I am capable of respecting other people’s political opinions. College faculty has the effect of indoctrinating students consciously since it allows the students to select their own political orientation after offering different views points and perspectives of a certain social issue. For instance, college faculty will outline the controversial debate of issues such as abortion or gun control and outline the arguments advanced by those who are either for or against the controversial societal issue. In this case, I am of the opinion that college faculty guides students in gaining more political awareness by teaching the basic tenets of democracy, freedom, and civil liberties that are outlined in the US Constitution. The faculty does not impose any political thought or attitudes to individual students and is not affiliated with any political party. The aim is to enable the students appreciate the multiple viewpoints of a particular political issue. College education has contributed to my development of a more realistic view of the world and thus I am able to make informed political decision without being influenced by the prevailing public opinion. I now understand the importance of participating in voting in ensuring change in the society or getting certain government policies

The doctrine of Parliamentary privilege has no place in a modern Essay

The doctrine of Parliamentary privilege has no place in a modern democratic society. Discuss - Essay Example To understand the magnitude of the doctrine in the modern political establishment, parliamentary privilege can be illustrated to be synonymous with parliamentary system. Even if debate for its review and in extreme debates its abolition persist, it is an issue that cannot be abandoned just in the heat of the arguments. The following discourse explores the possibilities of abandoning the doctrine based on some of its principles, in light of their appropriateness in a modern democracy. Parliamentary privilege and it purpose Parliamentary privilege according to legal experts is the immunity accorded some legislators whereby the legislators enjoy legal protection against criminal or civil liability in the course of performing their legislative duties (BBC2 para 7)1. Essentially, the privilege makes it possible also for parliament to debate or question issues that could interfere with court ongoing judicial proceedings in a case, expose state secrets, undermine national security, scour fo reign relations, and slander individuals – whether parliamentarians or not. The concept of parliamentary privilege has its roots in the Westminster system and is widely applied across the world. The privilege emerged as a direct result of the contentions that hundreds of years ago existed between the courts the Crown, and the House of Commons2 (Attorney General’s Department para 4). Some of the countries that apply the privilege to parliament other than Britain include Australia, the United Sates of America, Canada, and Kenya, in Africa. In the UK for example, such privileges allow members of the two Houses (House of Commons and House of Lords) to freely deliberate in their participation in parliament without fearing legal action based on claims of contravening the Official Secrets Act, contempt of court or slander. This privilege also assures parliamentarian that they are immune from civil arrests in matters undertaken within the precincts of parliament, in this case the Palace of Westminister3 according to the BBC1 (para 2). However this is conditional in that the members of parliament only enjoy this privilege if their statements are uttered as part of parliamentary proceeding. One such event that reinforces the application of parliamentary privilege in the United Kingdom is with respect to the Zircon affair as it threatened to reveal national secrets. Protection of the parliament against any form of interference while handling legislative obligations is by far a genuine reason for the existence of such freedom as accorded to parliamentarians (Limon 34). However, abuse of the privileges appears to be inseparable from the process of their enjoyment. The purpose of the privilege accorded to parliament rests within the context of legislative duties but other contingent intricacies of interpretation have always made efforts futile to identify balance the genuine purposes. Parliament has failed to implement the appropriate balance and checks that w ould facilitate the relevant procedures to be applied in determining parliamentary privilege usage as genuine or not. Democratic institutions need such control as would be necessary for their independence on one hand while their abuse is clearly identified and dealt with amicably on the other hand. Arguments against Parliamentary Privilege The basic rule that parliamentary privilege is intended to achieve is resolve issues bearing a matter that is of public interest

John Fowless The Collector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

John Fowless The Collector - Essay Example In addition to this, the author of the novel chooses this very way of delivering the story with the aim to manipulate the reader’s attitude and view of the characters, events, and ideas described in the novel. Through the comparison of the descriptions of one and the same event, it becomes clear how the author influences the audience’s feelings by means of using two perspectives. From Clegg’s perspective, Miranda acts like a violent attacker, not a victim: â€Å"She had me at her mercy, it was a miracle she didn’t do me in† (Fowles). By this, Clegg presents himself as a victim, and the audience is positioned to experience some sort of sympathy towards him. In Miranda’s perspective, the opportunity to escape is a game of chance. She appears not as a merciless attacker; in fact, she hesitates whether she should use the opportunity: â€Å"It was like waking up out of a bad dream. I had to hit him and I couldn’t but I had to†. Due t o the fact that Miranda cannot hurt her kidnapper emphasizes the awfulness of the situation and makes the audience sympathize with her even more and, at the same time, makes the reader question her inability to kill Clegg. Overall, by the use of two perspectives, the author instigates hesitation in the audience and makes reader choose whose side to take in the story. Despite the fact that at some moment the reader may feel pity for Clegg, it is obvious that this feeling is not so strong because of the way he behaves toward Miranda.

The influence of classical and human relations Essay

The Influence of Classical and Human Relations Approaches In Management Today - Essay Example According to the research findings, the human resources approach, however, views workers as a source of competitive advantage which is achieved by focusing on the construction of motivational strategies, achieving commitment through mutual trust, and where managers take on the role of the leader rather than a stringent, efficiency-focused manager. With the HR approach, socio-psychological characteristics and needs of employees are considered as part of the managerial approach, whilst the classical approach does not recognize socio-psychological characteristics of workers to be relevant to achieving productivity and efficiency goals in an organizational context. In today’s organizations, both classical and human resources approach to management have some dimension of influence in how management tackles engagement with employees. Some contemporary organizations still prescribe the classical approach in order to provide outputs that are productive and aligned with strategic goals . In opposite accord, other organizations maintain a management ideology where employees are considered the most valuable assets to achieving competitive advantages and provide the capacity for the organization to accomplish long-run strategic goals. The classical approach is founded on the principles of scientific management, whereby the main managerial goal is to achieve economic efficiency and enhance employee productivity. Frederick Taylor is considered the father of scientific management who emphasized that achievement of productive outputs and internal economic efficiencies were best achieved through comprehensive training and development of workers to ensure that each employee is equipped with the fundamental skills and knowledge needed to produce high-class work outputs. The classical approach maintains very formalized processes and procedures and asserts that maintaining a centralized hierarchy of managerial control is critical to achieving productive and efficient outputs.

Influence of bullying on society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Influence of bullying on society - Essay Example Human beings develop or grow by observing the surroundings and so they are called as social animals. Bullying is not what which is imbibed by birth, the situations and people around them make children harass whoever comes in contact with them. Children at young age don't have that much understanding to differentiate between genders or elderly people, teachers, family members and friends are the easiest scapegoats. The beginning of bullying may start from people surrounding the child start interfering in their matter and trying to alter their thoughts and at the same time molding them in a way what their parent or guardians need their wards to grow. This noble effort may be a good weapon to blend their children into a multi-talent adolescent, but it may have serious consequences if the child is already preoccupied by thoughts of his own. At this time if someone tries to interfere with their thoughts and intentions, emotions that may burst paving a way of bullying whoever tries to bother them. Children at tender age can't differentiate between teaching and strict discipline. Their lies a very thin line between teaching and discipline. If the child experiences this he/she may get disturbed and may get averse to the situations and will react unruly. The g... One of the reasons for children and adolescents is suspected weakness in themselves or in others. They try to cover up their weaknesses by aggressive behavior and showing the power personally. If a student is found weak mentally or in aspect of human or common intelligence then the surrounding adolescents whoever are aggressive in nature start bullying. This can be a stepping-stone to the child or adolescent to start bullying their immediate or fellow students and their teachers. Children bullying at tender age may just tease their fellow student, neighbors and teachers but when they grow up with such mentality, bullying altogether take a different meaning and as it expands, date violence, sexually harassing girls. The very beginning of bullying at tender age should be checked and corrected so that it may not continue up to adult hood. Not checking and correcting at tender age is also a specific reason for adolescents and adults bullying, once children and adolescents taste the sarcastic magic of bullying, it entices and tempts them to whip out their natural behavior by replacing aggressive and power full behavior in to their character. The combination of power and aggression makes them fell supreme. Generally adolescents look to their peers for help all times. If their peers are noble enough then such behavior made declaim in adolescents. But if they are not, then adolescents become most notorious and when they continue to grow which such behavior up to adult hood then bullying will be key component of sexually harassment, gang attacks, date violence critical assault, marital violence, child abuse, work place harassment and elder abuse, another

The ways to reduce crime in the worlds most violent cities Essay Example for Free

The ways to reduce crime in the worlds most violent cities Essay Crime has long been considered to be a serious issue of many countries, both developed and developing, in the contemporary society. In particular, the crime rate increases annually in degree in some sectors worldwide. In this speech, I would like to show my concern about the causes of the problem and the solutions to it. There are subjective as well as objective factors that lead to the escalation of this adverse circumstance. The first and also the principal cause of this problem is poverty, or we can say, economic deprivation. People are often driven to great lengths of desperation by poverty and this is a major cause of crime all around the world. The fact that such frustration is created is in itself a very dangerous thing for society on the whole as global inflation has risen significantly over the last few years. It does seem that in our world today, the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. That is to say, these destitute people do not have enough money to buy food and other necessities. Thus, their last resort to maintain their lives is to rob or steal, which leads to crime. More to the point, violence from mainstream media can also contribute substantially to the increase of crime. There are many films and plays containing violent or sensitive contents, which have a profound influence on the viewers. Some people want to emulate the heroes, as they see them, in the movies without knowing that the behaviour in reality can be seen as illegal in the eyes of the law. Teenagers are especially prone to this kind of factor without the supervision of older adults. There are also many social issues bringing about this unfavorable circumstance. Overpopulation, racism, regionalism, family conditions, and often political power are some factors that lay the foundation of serious crimes. Besides, there are other subjective factors. In other words, the reason for his crime-committing is partially not from the pressure of the society or social illnesses as mentioned above, and really difficult to control. Illustriously, mental disorders are a major cause of crime of this type. Other than depression, people with grave mental disorders also end up committing crimes. Such people should be treated before their tendencies and ailments get out of hand. A person with depression or some other serious mental disorder can also easily cause harm to themselves. Moreover, we have drugs, which are a bane [a cause of trouble], no matter how we look at them. A person addicted to drugs is unable to support their addiction and more often than not they end up in a life of crime to fuel their habits. It is not unknown anywhere in the world that a drug addict ends up committing crimes to raise money for their habits. Besides that, there are also a large number of people that are involved in the drug trade. Though these people may not really be drug-users themselves, they often lure others into drugs and crimes. So, what should we, people in the society, do to help tackle such a problem? Government, I’d like to say, need to come up with some policy that helps narrow the gap between the rich and the poor. Television and film rating system need to be strictly implemented. Parents should thoroughly supervise their children, so as not for them to be stuck into drug-relating problems, and make their children lead the most fulfilled life as possible .

Dignity for the Working Person Essay Example for Free

Dignity for the Working Person Essay Even where abuse is common place and chaos and mismanagement make pride in accomplishment difficult, workers still find ways to create meaning in work and to work with dignity. Human dignity is necessary for a fully realized life. One might ask, but what is dignity? (Hodson 19) There are two different meanings to the idea of dignity, the first is that people have a certain inherent dignity as a consequence of being human, like a dying persons dignity may be reduced if their physical being is prolonged unnecessarily (Meyer and Parent 11). The second is that people earn dignity through their actions like the human dignity of a worker can be violated by mismanagement or dignity can be attained through noble action or enduring great suffering like valiant soldiers, moral leaders, victims of injustice and enduring workers (Castel 135). To defends ones dignity means to insist on being treated with respect, (Freeman and Rogers 1). A dying person may refuse life support or the worker may curse the abusive boss and walk off the job. Resisting abuse is an act by taking back ones dignity, (Vredenburgh and Brender 1337). The worker who works effectively inspite of all the obstacles achieves dignity through work. Working with dignity are ones inherent human rights and are worthy of respect by oneself and others (Hodson 20). In this next paragraph it will reflect the challenges of working with dignity and the joy that can be found when these challenges are met. At Electrical Components Limited, the assembly work is hard and unrelenting, giving rise to chronic overwork and exhaustion (Cavendish 1). At Electrical Components Limited which is in a foreign country the workforce is made up of mostly female workers on assembly lines that produce small electrical components. The work is physically challenging, the stress is considerable, there is no freedom of movement, no taking of short breaks or even a walk around. These stresses are increased by the workers need to keep up with completed task on a fast paced assembly line so that work does not pile up in front of her, (Cavandish 32). The speed of the line is constantly being pushed to the limits with increasing speed pushing the rejection rate up, but the company will toletrate this because it was cheaper to have rejects and two women to fix them than to have a slower line†¦ especially since the exhausting effect of the fast line would make their numbers go up, (Cavendish 111). In this setting the machine breakdowns on the line are a blessing for the women who are switched to packing or other lighter duties. After packing all day, many women have aching arms and legs but they were able to move around more and haven’t had to face eight hours of automated pressure to keep up a steady pace (Cavendish 39). The unpleasant work on the line is rigidly controlled by the time clock. There is only one clock for fifty women to clock in and clock out at exactly 4:15 or their pay will be docked (Cavendish 88). The supervisors post a supervisor at the clock to keep the women working until the last minute. Pregnant women were allowed to stand at the front so all the women would say they were all pregnant (Cavendish 89). The senior worker pays no attention to the concerns of the other workers on the line and upholds rules or breaks them in a self-serving fashion in order to reduce her work load because she has a second job as a janitor at a shopping mall and never chips in with the other workers by contributing for cakes or treats (Cavendish 26). Her inconsiderate actions are a threat to the other women on the assembly line because of the chronic pressures and overwork, these women are just trying to survive through solidarity and mutual support by shifting work to each other. The quality of work is tested by having two strong-willed workers sit opposite each other, one to check the electrical circuits and one to check the mechanical part. Faulty devices supposed to be pulled and checked by the checker with a circuit tester, but that is not done and it is put in the box and the problem is not fixed. These two women talk all day about their personal lives even though they despise each other (Cavendish 36). In this working situation there is no co-worker support, no resisting management emands, no improving output, no making life at work more bearable. Overwork has reduced work like to a dog-eat-dog shared fundamental traits. Bad supervisor practices are driven to maximize production at all cost (Cavendish 82). At Electrical Components Limited, chronic pressure and overwork significantly undercut both good supervisory behavior and supportive co-worker relations. How do workers respond to excessive and repetitive work that leaves them exhausted at the end of the day? The development of the assembly line at Ford Motors quickly led to the birth of the United Auto Workers as workers organized to seek alleviation from the distress and unrelenting strictness of the assembly line through collective bargaining action (Brecher 1). But for the many employees like the women of Electrical Components Limited, who do not have the benefit of a union, and even for many of those who do, the most common reaction may be it is their unavoidable fate. In many assembly jobs, workers are expected to have a closed mind when they enter the factory gate.

Orientalism In Film Or Animation Cultural Studies Essay

Orientalism In Film Or Animation Cultural Studies Essay Due to the intuitive and emotional characteristics of the film, video screen is easier to stimulate the audience, so description of other countries people, history, image and customs in the film has always been a very sensitive side. Hollywood always portrayed Muslim, Chinese and Indians as thieves, warlords and terrorists, and the East itself has been described as indecent and strange land, where life is very cheap and eroticism is pleasure and abundant. In American film history more than one century, the Chinese peoples images have already constituted a very prominent phenomenon of Hollywood films, not only sizeable, but also diverse genre. Hollywood movies often gives the image of the Chinese is a kind of uncomfortable feeling, and some even have been distorted or be smeared. The theme of Hollywood movie shot in China, China (including the United States, Chinatown) has been portrayed as mysterious and playing with the local conspiracy, showing that the Chinese were more indecent w ay of life. Chinese people are not melancholy mysterious, that is heinous villains and criminals. Rampant criminal gangs, prostitutes everywhere, arms smuggling, smoking opium, the development of chemical weapons and nuclear proliferation activities all related to the Chinese image as a stereotyped in Hollywood films, when he still does not rise again, filled with a thick atmosphere of Orientalism . Due to the intuitive and emotional characteristics of the film, video screen is easier to stimulate the audience, description of other countries people, history, image and customs in the film has always been a very sensitive side. Western movies always Muslims, Chinese and Indians are portrayed as thieves, warlords and terrorists, the East itself has been described as indecent and strange land where life is very cheap and with abundant sexual pleasure. In more than a century of American film history, the Chinese peoples images in western films have already constituted a very prominent phenomenon, not only sizeable, but also diverse genre. Chinese peoples images in western films often give a kind of uncomfortable feeling, and some even have been distorted or smeared. In the films of Chinese theme in West videos, China (including the Chinatown in western countries) has been portrayed as mysterious place playing with the local conspiracy, showing that the Chinese more indecent ways of l ife. Chinese people are not only melancholy mysterious, but also are heinous villains and criminals. Rampant criminal gangs, prostitutes everywhere, arms smuggling, smoking opium, the development of chemical weapons and nuclear proliferation activities all related to the Chinese image as a stereotyped in the western films still float back again, filled with a thick atmosphere of Orientalism. All along, the use of salvation mode, the tragedy of love mode, super vulgar romantic mode, assimilation mode of narrative and discourse mode of operation in Western films, in a history of film with one hundred years has interpretation of the stories concerning Chinese peoples images. From Western silent films in the early twentieth century to the contemporary story of the films, Chinas social environment is deplorable, and the Chinese people often lack the basic normal human emotions, cynical demeanor, temperament catchy and metamorphosis, long sleeves, long braids and the three-inch golden lotus and the love and marriage patterns of East woman and white man have repeatedly been paraded across the screen and relish. More recent emergence of Red Corner, Little Buddha, Seven Years in Tibet in the United States with nature of anti-Chinese, shame China, due to a deliberate distortion of Chinas national image have been condemned by the international media, nowadays the veil, Nanking, Ch ildren of Huang Shi and other American films are not tortuous to express the Americans mentality to save the world. Western movies are the most important medium of the mainstream ideology in the United States and the Western countries. In the history, Western films with their strong racist prejudices and Orientalist thinking played vanguards to demonize China. The West often take out a virtual image of the Eastern world, resulting in the images of the Chinese people have been misunderstood or misread. Behind all this is intertwined with the complex social and cultural psychologies, such as desire, or fear, or hatred, however, the more important is the western mainstream consciousness, especially the important post-colonial theory Orientalism, provides the ideological and theoretical foundation for the East to construct and image the West. In short, the Chinese academic circles is both familiar and unfamiliar with Western films, familiar with the western films soon spread to China, especially since 80s, 90s in the twentieth century, split large entry and commercialism in Chinas emergence, the West has the underestimated impact on Chinese peoples entertainment and cultural life. The studies on connotation and extension of the Western films already yielded fruitful results, from the rise of the United States films to the old and new development and changes of the West, from the construction of the mechanism of films to the establishment of cultural and political functions, from experience in entertainment and cultural industry to the significance of the world films have promoted the Western films to a new stage. Unfamiliar still is that many still remain in the critical level of perception and fragmentation on the understanding, many of the problems go beyond that, have not been thorough clean-up and analysis systematica lly, resulting in a true sense of the criticism and the absence of the phenomenon of aphasia. Clearly, the studies of Chinese peoples images in the Western films have been started in the multi-dimensional perspectives. In particular, some Chinese scholars living abroad have outstanding performance in this field of study, and in some studies have already achieved outstanding results. The results of research embodied in two aspects: First, in a comprehensive study, from the perspective of film history, outlined the historic combing out the image of the Chinese American Film in the evolution of the approximate trajectory; Second, in the case studies, the right of a more representative to reflect the Chinese peoples images in Western films would be a more in-depth explanation, but mostly are the outline and comments for specific texts and phenomena, stay in the descriptive study on the superficial aspects of the miss. Then, in the growing and deepening of globalization today, from a dee per perspective, the Chinese peoples images in the western films with one hundred years have formed what the main types, different types of images showing how the themes and contains, as well as the mainstream ideology how to affect the statements of movie media, etc., which are yet to be carefully combed and revealed. Orientalism is one of the latest theories in the following of the post-modernist thought in the West, indicating the consciousness and mature of post-colonial theory, and is also a research hotspot in the academic community since the 90s. Western Movies are the most cultural industry with considerable global influence in the Western world, of which the ways of thinking of Orientalism and discourse hegemony are fairly typical. Therefore, Orientalism, as the main theoretical tool, is based on specific interpretation of the text, to systemically inspect the cultural elements and their narrative strategies behind the Chinese men and Chinese women images in Western movies more than a century, it is not only feasible, but the theories of value and practical significance are also very obvious, which is the main objective of this study. Chapter One Orientalism Thinking in Western movies In accordance with Foucault and Edward W. Saids theory, the otherness in cultural studies refers to a culture image establish its own value and power to order and identity itself, while to shape a confrontation with itself and less than its own. In dealing with the issues of ethnic and cultural diversity, the Western films have a profound tendency to the stereotyped images of the Chinese as the right to enter their domain, although is related with the images of the Chinese with the experience in the West and Western mainstream culture for the hundred years, the Chinese peoples images as the otherness of marginalization in the Western images, in its behind of fictional mold, it reflects the Western mainstream filmmakers Orientalism thinking. From a social psychological viewpoint, although non-ego stereotype is inevitable, the stereotyped image in the films is derived directly from the instinct of self-identification strategies on the main images of the Western discourse in the current context of globalization. Shaping the image of China in West there is a certain historical continuity, in western culture psychological structure, the potential prototype of Chinas image is more firmly secure than any objective experience or external experience, with more power to shape and inclusiveness. The Chinese peoples images in the films, or wicked, evil, cunning, or humility and supple, this change is not overnight, but showing a historic consistency, stability and continuity. So, it can be said that Western films to shape the Chinese peoples images will suffer at least two factors, one is the bilateral relation between East and West in reality, and second is the prototype of Chinas image in the concept of Western culture. These two factors offset each other, influence each other. The so-called prototype of Chinas image is the imagination of the building of heaven and hell about the styles of otherness and Orientalism. 1.1 Definition of Orientalism As an important part of post-colonial theory Orientalism has its own development process. As early as the late 18th century, Orientalism as a discipline has obtained an independent status. It originated a series of studies by Britain to India, including language (Sanskrit, etc.), laws, customs, and literature and so on. Up to the advent of decolonization, Orientalism is usually considered to be neutral, which is an instructive subject for the West. After World War II, people have the gradual in-depth understanding of the Orientalism, Orientalism is no longer refers only to scholars and their works on Orientalism, or the East national character, lifestyle or quality, but also the main means is used to handle the East affairs approach and a tool of Western imperialism. Edward Said, as the representative who holds this view, in his book Orientalism gave the definition: Orientalism is not to express an explanation distinctly different with its own (or novel, alternative) in some cases it is even annexation desire or intention to control and manipulate. It has a strong and special historical connection with imperialism. Said believes that, regardless of which one stage in the history of the West, any essentialism statement writing about the basic dichotomy of the East and the West as a starting point with the Orient, Oriental, Oriental custom, the East Mind, the fate of the East and so on belong to Orientalism. Historically, the West led by a fictional East make the West have the ontological differences with the East, and make the West to use for adventures and biased vision to see the East, thereby creating its own nation completely different with itself, so that himself is finally able to grasp the dissidents. It can be felt in point from a number of literary works: Saids Orientalism theory has a strong color of ideological and political criticism, its criticism directed at the idea of Western cultural hegemony and power politics. The reflection of Western on the exotic, there are two basic attitudes, one is fear, and one is desire. Thus, in the statements of a large number of classic Western movies on the Orient, it can be found the intertextuality between them and this group of type-oriented art film: chaos, noisy, yellow arm and yellow legs, people as ant colony, in which contain the magic power can not claim of solution. Also in this yellow crowd, unexpectedly will break out unimaginable states of human nature for the Westerner, the so-called is more likely linked with the Far East (mainly China and Japan). Said believes that the West for the understanding of Orient did not like Europeans to understand in depth, although they should have adopted a series of adventures in the Far East to obtain a more sober, more realistic Orient consciousness. In fact, the formation of West the East doctrine is rooted the Orient twisted imagination in the early 16, 17 century European immigrants arrived in North America. They imagine that the East is brutal, ugly, and weak. The image of the East has become the quintessence of irrational, immoral, childish and ridiculous and preposterous. In 18th century, when the European empires expanded the global, the origin of this concept has already become a long-standing prejudice. Later, the concepts of Eastern and Asia from the West are built on top of such a bias. Westerners on their own racial and ethnic have proud sense of superiority, Orientalism, only became an excuse so as to promote a political culture that it is superior to Asian countries, especially C hina and Japan as a basis. This kind of discrimination and prejudice to Orient, especially China, in the West screen there is also a large number of embodiments and the Orientalism in the West complexly exists.

Analysis of Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

Analysis of Jane Eyre In Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte portrays one woman's desperate struggle to attain her identity in the mist of temptation, isolation, and impossible odds. Although she processes a strong soul she must fight not only the forces of passion and reason within herself ,but other's wills constantly imposed on her. In its first publication, it outraged many for its realistic portrayal of life during that time. Ultimately, the controversy of Bronte's novel lied in its realism, challenging the role of women, religion, and mortality in the Victorian society. In essence, Bronte's novel became a direct assault on Victorian morality. Controversy based in its realistic exposure of thoughts once considered improper for a lady of the 19th century. Emotions any respectable girl would repress. Women at this time were not to feel passion, nor were they considered sexual beings. To conceive the thought of women expressing rage and blatantly retaliating against authority was a defiance against the traditional role of women. Jane Eyre sent controversy through the literary community. For not only was it written by a woman but marked the first use of realistic characters. Jane's complexity lied in her being neither holy good nor evil. She was poor and plain in a time when society considered "an ugly woman a blot on the face of creation." It challenged Victorian class structure in a strictly hierachal society. A relationship between a lowly governess and a wealthy nobleman was simply unheard of. Bronte drew criticism for her attack on the aristocracy who she deemed as hypocritical "showy but ... not genuine." She assaulted individual's already established morals by presenting a plausible case for bigamy. Notions which should have evoked disgust and outrage from its reader. Yet its most scandaless aspect was its open treatment of love. Passionate love scenes which were for their day extremely explicit but by today's standards are less than tame. Bronte's choice of a strong independent heroine depicted feminist ideals that would later lead to the overhaul of Victorian culture. By making Jane an educated woman, Bronte gave her impowerment in a patriarchal society that denied women education. However, Jane became a woman who demanded a say in her own destiny. During her courtship, she refutes

Cloning, For the Good :: essays research papers

Many arguments have been brought forth against cloning. Some have put forth valid arguments stating the immorality of cloning. Others just get bad vibes when it comes to the idea of cloning humans. Still others use the religion argument saying it goes against God's intention. These arguments are well founded but are just people's opinions and/or beliefs which don't account for everyone's. My personal belief is that cloning is good for everyone. I m not saying everyone should clone themselves what I am trying to say is that cloning will greatly benefit humanity. Medical advances and a deeper understanding of ourselves would come with cloning if it were legalized. That would mean cloning will have a positive effect on the society as opposed to the negatives voiced by so many. I'll hope to convince you that human cloning is a good thing which we shouldn't waste time in beginning to develop the technology. The point of many cloning critics is that cloning humans is against the will of Providence. However, it is mentioned in the Bible that man was created in the likeness of God (Bible, 1). In order to be more like God, which is his will, we can duplicate what he created. God will not be displeased, but pleased with this major accomplishment. Cloning of humans is widely considered to be immoral and unethical. Many countries and legislatures have banned cloning based on the issue of morality. Allowing a barren couple to have children or to allow a couple who lost a child to have that same child again is not immoral at all. Couples can bring back, so to speak, a child who died in a car accident or a barren couple can bear children by cloning themselves if they desired. Society's morale would be unchanged since human cloning doesn't break any moral standards when closely examined. Cloning will never reach the proportions envisioned by many critics of a country that is overrun by clones. If clones were legalized many people will still not use the technology because of their positions on the subject. Raising a mindless super race or super army is not realistic seeing that a cloned human is the same as any other human. They can think and act on their own just like everybody else. Humanity will not crumble but would be closer together than ever after human cloning makes everyone examine what it means to be human.